Bird Records for Some Sites in the Lincoln City (Oregon) Area (Part A)

by Range D. Bayer (P. O. Box 1467, Newport, Oregon 97365) and Phil Pickering (925 SE 31st, Lincoln City, Oregon 97367)

16 November 1994

A report submitted to the Lincoln City Citizen's Advisory Committee for Local Wetlands Inventory.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chap. 1.  Introduction
Chap. 2.  Rock Creek Marsh, South of Devils Lake
Chap. 3.  Field along Schooner Creek
Chap. 4.  Lincoln City Wastewater Treatment Ponds
Chap. 5.  Marsh/Pond Southeast of the Lincoln City Sewage Treatment Plant
Chap. 6.  Mouth of Schooner Creek
Chap. 7.  North Siletz Bay
Chap. 8.  South 63rd Street in Cutler City
Chap. 9.  Drift Creek Meadows along Highway 101
Chap. 10.  Drift Creek Meadows or Pasture
Chap. 11.  Drift Creek Pasture South of Gorton Road
Chap. 12.  Cannery Slough East of Kernville
Chap. 13.  Lower Siletz River near Kernville

Chap. 14.  Literature Cited
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Please Note!

     This report makes no claim as to whether these sites are wetlands or 
not.
     Nor does this report advocate which sites should or should not be 
protected.
     The purpose of this report is simply to give what bird records we have 
for these selected sites in the Lincoln City area.

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Chap. 1.  INTRODUCTION
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1-A.  IMPETUS FOR THIS REPORT

     This report has been prepared in response to a 13 September 1994 
request by Sheridan Jones, who is a member of Lincoln City's wetlands 
committee, to Bayer for bird records at possible wetland sites in the 
Lincoln City area.
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1-B.  AUTHORS' DIVISION OF LABOR AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

     Bayer made some observations, but his major contribution was to 
compile these observations and to prepare this report. 
     Pickering made the majority of these observations, especially the 
censuses.  But because of Bayer's time constraints in trying to complete 
this report in time for the Committee's November 17 meeting, Pickering has 
not seen this report.  Thus, any errors in this report are not Pickering's 
fault.
     We thank all the observers who graciously shared their field notes and 
made this report possible.  Each observer is credited for his/her 
observations in the tables of data.
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1-C.  LIMITED SCOPE OF THIS REPORT

     This report makes no claim to be comprehensive, but it includes 
records that are not available elsewhere.  Other sources of data include 
governmental agencies and academic researchers (Table 1.1) as well as data 
for some Lincoln City sites that Bayer did not have time to compile for 
this report (Table 1.1).
     In particular, Bayer would have liked to have included records for 
South Siletz Bay (i.e., South Bay south of Cutler City) and Devils Lake, 
but the volume of material (e.g., over 100 censuses for South Bay) was too 
great to be given in this report.
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TABLE 1.1.  Listing of sources of aquatic bird records for the Lincoln City 
area that Bayer is aware of that are not included in this report.  

Anthony unpubl.=unpublished data of Dr. Robert G. Anthony, Oregon 
     Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and 
     Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; 
Bayer et al. unpubl=unpublished data compiled by Bayer from many observers.
ODFW=Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife (especially records for the 
     introduced Western [Great Basin] Canada Goose.
USFWS=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
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Area                                     Source
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Devils Lake                              Anthony et al. 1990, unpubl. (?); 
                                            ODFW, USFWS, Bayer et al. unpubl.
Drift Creek Meadows or Pasture           ODFW, USFWS
South Siletz Bay                         Bayer et al. unpubl.
Siletz Bay (pooled)                      Anthony et al. 1990, unpubl. (?); 
                                           ODFW, USFWS, Bayer et al. unpubl.
Lagoon at Salishan Spit                  Bayer et al. unpubl.
Siletz Keys                              Bayer et al. unpubl.
Salishan Lake at Salishan Golf Course    Bayer et al. unpubl.
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1-D.  ARRANGEMENT OF THIS REPORT

     Sites are arranged from north to south.  The latitude and longitude, 
habitat, elevation, and distance to the coastline are tabulated in the 
Study Area section for each site.  
     References are in the Literature Cited at the end of this report.


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Chap. 2.  BIRD RECORDS FOR ROCK CREEK MARSH, SOUTH OF 
DEVILS LAKE
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2-A.  INTRODUCTION

     This Chapter includes records made through December 1992; one more 
recent observation was also discovered and included.  All these records 
have been double-checked against the original reports for accuracy.
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2-B.  STUDY AREA

Approx. Center of Site: 44 57.6' N, 124 00.0' W
Location: Township 7S, Range 11W, Section 14
Area Studied: ? 
Habitat(s) Studied: freshwater marsh 
Elevation: <40 ft (<12 m)
Minimum Distance to Coastline: 0.8 mi (1.3 km).

     Rock Creek is the main tributary of Devil's Lake, and most, if not 
all, observations included here were at the marsh south of East Devil's 
Lake Road.
     Because of the tall grass and sedges that obscured vision, it was not 
possible to comprehensively census this area for birds.
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2-C.  PICKERING'S METHODS

     In his January 1985 letter, Phil Pickering wrote that he had made all 
of his observations here from the roadway of East Devil's Lake Road.  Prior 
to September 1982, he used only binoculars, but after then he also used a 
22x spotting scope.  He viewed the area as far south as he could see with 
his scope and also the immediate tree and marsh line bordering the Road to 
the north.  
     In his January 1985 letter, Pickering wrote that this marsh in winter 
is often flooded, particularly near the Road.  The area he censused to the 
south of the Road consisted of about 70% tall marsh grass/sedges and 30% 
open areas, with one small, deep creek (Rock Creek) flowing northward near 
the east end.  During the summer and during other dry periods, some of the 
open water areas dried up, leaving areas of short, 5-7 inch tall grass.  
Further south, the tall grass thickened and then gradually faded into a cow 
pasture, which was at the limit of his vision with the spotting scope.  The 
area next to the road was not grazed as far as Pickering knew, being 
flooded the majority of the time.  Because of the tall grass, not all of 
the open area was visible, so waterfowl and other birds were probably 
missed.
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2-D.  SULLIVAN'S METHODS

     Gloria Sullivan made many observations here during late July-September 
1988 (Table 2.2) because of Bayer's request for late July and August 
Red-winged Blackbird records in the July 1988 Sandpiper (a publication of 
Yaquina Birders and Naturalists).  Her records are the most comprehensive 
that we have to indicate that many Red-wings remain in Lincoln County 
during this period.
     Unfortunately, Sullivan did not describe her methods in her field 
notes, and Bayer did not ask her about her methods at the time.  She has 
since moved.  In particular, it would be interesting to know exactly where 
in this large Marsh that Red-wings were routinely roosting every day.  She 
made her observations from the roadway of East Devils Lake Road, and she 
presumably used binoculars.
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2-E.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

     2-E-1.  HUMAN DISTURBANCE

     We have not documented the kinds and amounts of human disturbance 
here, but there may be waterfowl hunting or some shooting of birds from the 
roadway.  Traffic along the Road may have some effect and result in some 
road kills of birds crossing the Road.  The marsh area itself didn't appear 
to be grazed.


     2-E-2.  SPECIES DIVERSITY AND GENERAL COMMENTS

     Nutria and 57 taxa of birds have been recorded here (Table 2.4).  
Several kinds of aquatic birds were noted (Table 2.4), with waterfowl 
sometimes being abundant (Table 2.3).  Virginia Rails and Soras were 
recorded several times (Tables 2.1 and 2.3) and were probably much more 
common than our records indicate because they are hard to see.
     Red-winged Blackbirds were sometimes abundant in winter and were 
singing on 3 January 1991 (Table 2.3).


     2-E-3.  WHITE-TAILED KITE

     This species (formerly known as the Black-shouldered Kite) has only 
become regular in Lincoln County since 1979 (Bayer 1992) and is still not 
widely distributed or abundant in the County.  It was first noted at Rock 
Creek Marsh in March 1989, but only one has been seen at a time 
(Table 2.3).


     2-E-4.  RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD ROOSTING IN SUMMER

     In many years, it appeared that Red-wings were absent from Lincoln 
County in late July and August (Bayer 1992).  Because Red-wings may be less 
conspicuous while molting and Gloria Sullivan noted that many were molting 
during this period (Table 2.2), it is plausible that their perceived 
absence is simply a result of observers not finding them or looking in 
appropriate places, but it is also still possible that some may migrate 
away.  The clue to observing them in late July and August may be in finding 
where they roost and being there at dusk when they come in, as Sullivan 
did.  In mid-September, they resumed singing (Table 2.2) and are thus then 
easier for people to detect.
     Sullivan noted that the behavior of Red-winged Blackbirds at dusk was 
pretty much the same.  She wrote that they stayed in the same limited 
portion of Rock Creek Marsh and were fairly quiet.  They almost darted up 
out of the grasses, then dropped back down or flew low and landed a few 
feet away.  The whole flock would often "shoot" straight up and then land 
several feet away.
     Their presence at Rock Creek Marsh in late July and August was not 
limited to 1988, as Ruth Goodrich also found 16 on 2 August 1990 
(Table 2.3).


     2-E-5.  DUSK BEHAVIOR AND ROOSTING

     There is little information specific to Lincoln County about bird 
activity at dusk, even though this is a significant time of day for many 
birds.  Sullivan's July-September 1988 observations provide some of the 
best information that we have.
     In July-September 1988, a Barn Owl came out twice and perched at dusk 
(Table 2.3), Red-wings came here regularly to roost (Table 2.2), Mallards 
and perhaps other ducks left here and flew north towards Devils Lake three 
times (Table 2.3), and Eurasian Starlings (8/6/88) and crows (9/8/88) each 
once had an apparent pre-roosting flight over the marsh (Table 2.3).
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2-F.  TABLES

TABLE 2.1.  Phil Pickering's 17 waterbird censuses of Rock Creek Marsh.  
Although marsh vegetation makes a comprehensive, accurate census of 
waterbirds impossible, the following censuses are an index of waterbird 
abundance.  Note that Great Blue Herons and Killdeer may often been present 
but not recorded.

Census Time=time during which census occurred.  All times are in Pacific 
     Standard Time (PST) by the 24 hour clock (i.e., 1200 is added to times 
     in the afternoon, so 1 PM=1300).  
Duration=duration of census.
+=there were at least the indicated number of birds present.
 .=zero.  A "." is used to enhance readability of when a bird was present.
M=male
F=female or immature male in female-type plumage.
?=unknown.
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TABLE 2.1a  (bittern-Ruddy Duck at Rock Creek Marsh):
AmBi=American Bittern             CiTe=Cinnamon Teal          
GBHe=Great Blue Heron             Gad=Gadwall                 
CGWT="Common" race of             AmWi=American Wigeon        
     Green-winged Teal            Can=Canvasback              
GWTe=Green-winged Teal            RNDu=Ring-necked Duck            
Mall=Mallard                      RuD=Ruddy Duck                                                       
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         Census   Dur- 
         Time     ation  Number of Birds....................................
Date     (PST)    (min)  AmBi GBHe CGWT GWTe Mall CiTe Gad AmWi Can RNDu RuD
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
03/15/82 afternoon   ?     ?    1    .    .  100+   .    .  24    .   .    .
03/24/82 evening     ?     ?    1    .    .    6    .    .  21    .   .    .
03/30/82 afternoon   ?     ?    1    .  3M3F 100+   .    .  21    .   .    .
04/03/82 afternoon   ?     ?    ?    .    .  100+   .    .   6    .   .    .
                                                                            
02/02/83 0800-0900  60     ?    ?    1  110    .    .    2  39    4   .    .
02/13/83 1600-1630  30     ?    ?    .   37    .    .   14   2    4   .    1
03/13/83 0900-?      ?     ?    ?    1   51   26    .    .   .    . 3M4F   .
                                                                            
03/28/84 1330-1400  30     ?    ?    .   13    .    6    .   .    .   .    .
04/14/84 0900-1000  60     ?    ?    .   10    .    .    .   .    .   .    .
05/03/84 0900-1000  60     ?    ?    .    .    .    .    .   .    .   .    .
05/19/84 1800-1900  60     1    ?    .    .    .    .    .   .    .   .    .
05/23/84 1000-1030  30     ?    ?    .    .    .    .    .   .    .   .    .
                                                                            
12/23/84 1400-1430  30     ?    ?    .    .    .    .    .   .    .   .    .
12/25/84 1000-1100  60     ?    ?    .    .    .    .    .   .    .   .    .
01/09/85 0900-0930  30     ?    ?    .    .    .    .    .   .    .   .    .
03/07/85 1200-1300  60     ?    ?    .    6    .    .    1   .    .   .    .
                                                                            
09/04/85 1300-1330  30     ?    ?    .    .    .    .    .   .    .   .    .
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TABLE 2.1b  (rail-gulls at Rock Creek Marsh):
ViRa=Virginia Rail     LeS=Least Sandpiper 
Sor=Sora               CoS=Common Snipe
AmC=American Coot      gul=gull sp.    
Kil=Killdeer
------------------------------------------------------
         Census   Dur- 
         Time     ation   Number of Birds.............
Date     (PST)    (min)   ViRa Sor AmC Kil LeS CoS gul
------------------------------------------------------
03/15/82 afternoon   ?      ?    ?   .   ?   .   .   .
03/24/82 evening     ?      ?    ?   .   ?   .   .   .
03/30/82 afternoon   ?      ?    ?   .   ?   .   3   .
04/03/82 afternoon   ?      ?    ?   .   ?   .   .   .
                                              
02/02/83 0800-0900  60      ?    ?   .   ?   .   .   .
02/13/83 1600-1630  30      ?    ?   2   ?   .   .  10
03/13/83 0900-?      ?      ?    ?   6   ?   .   .   .
                                              
03/28/84 1330-1400  30     12+   1   .   ?   .  30   .
04/14/84 0900-1000  60     10    4   .   ?   .  10   .
05/03/84 0900-1000  60     10    4   .   ?   `  10   .
05/19/84 1800-1900  60     10    2   .   ?   .   .   .
05/23/84 1000-1030  30      ?    ?   .   ?   .   .   .
                                              
12/23/84 1400-1430  30     15+   2   .   ?   .  10   .
12/25/84 1000-1100  60     20+   3   .   ?   .   .   .
01/09/85 0900-0930  30     20+   2   .   ?   .   .   .
03/07/85 1200-1300  60     10+   1   .   ?   .   .   .
                                              
09/04/85 1300-1330  30     15    1   .   ?   .   .   .
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TABLE 2.2.  Gloria Sullivan's observations of Red-winged Blackbirds at Rock 
Creek Marsh.  Note that her comments about molting were her impressions, 
not systematic measurements about the extent of molting.  
@=about.
*=Red-wings flew in and landed in about the same portion of the Marsh each   
     night; unfortunately, the exact location in the Marsh is unknown.
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          Time
Date      (PST)      Number  Comments 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
07/27/88  1800-1900  80-100  Included 20-25 adult males with bright red on 
                              wings; many immatures were molting.
07/28/88  1800-1900  80-100  *
08/06/88  1800-1900  20-25   * Included 7-10 adult males
08/13/88  1815-1845  80-100  * Included 20-25 mature males
08/14/88  1815-1900   5      One female sat on tall grass "chuck-chucking"
08/25/88  @1830       5      * Immatures and a partially molted male 
    "     @1840      15      * Flew in from north; some immatures molting.
    "     @1847      @25     * Flew in from the south 
    "     @1850      20-30   * Flew in from unknown direction 
    "     @1900      80-100  * Sky suddenly full of them
    "     later       5      * Noisy before landing; Sullivan left at 1930.
08/28/88  1810-1820   0      None seen
    "     1820        2      Immatures flew in from north, landed in top of  
                                spruce, and called "chuck-chuck"
    "     @1827       5      * Flew in from the south & landed in marsh 
    "     @1829      80-100  * Flew in fast and landed 
    "     later      15-20   * Flew in from the south
    "     later      8-10    * Flew in from the west
    "     later      8-10    * Flew in from the south; at least one immature 
                                male was molting; Sullivan left at 1840.
08/29/88  1825-1830   0      None seen 
    "     @1830       2      * Flew in fast; some molting.
    "     later      15      * Flew in fast; heard "chuck-chuck"
    "     later      10      * Flew in fast from the south
    "     later       8      * Flew in fast & disappeared
    "     later       5      * Flew in fast & disappeared; Sullivan left 
                                at 1850.
09/03/88  0730       20-30   In morning, several to 20-30 at a time flew
                                up and then settled back down in the marsh 
                                grass as if they were feeding.
09/07/88  1800-1815   0      None seen
    "     1815       80-90   * Suddenly swooped down & into marsh
    "     later      15      * Swooped in from different direction
    "     later       3      * Swooped in from different direction.  Others 
                                flew in but were not recorded before 
                                Sullivan's departure at 1840.
Between 09/10 & 09/17/88     Heard first Red-wing singing since spring; 
                                adult males would call & some immature 
                                males tried to sing but were 
                                squeaky/croaky.  [Sullivan didn't record 
                                the exact date.]
09/19/88  1800       80+     Some adults & immatures singing; many males 
                                had already completed molting.
09/27/88  1725-?     @200    * See Footnote A.
09/28/88  1730-1815  250+    * See Footnote B.

     Footnote A [9/27/88]):  Some were flying into the marsh when Sullivan 
arrived; later, about 200 were perched in one tree and singing 
nonsynchronously for about 15 min before they flew down into the marsh.  
Sullivan estimated that about 85% of the molting was complete, but it isn't 
clear if she was referring to the percentage of birds who had completed 
molting or the percentage of molting completed for each bird.
     Footnote B [9/28/88]):  At least 250 were perched in a different tree 
than on 9/27; this tree bordered the marsh.  They sang nonsynchronously for 
12 min, then some started flying down into the marsh, where they were 
quiet.
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TABLE 2.3.  Incidental observations at Rock Creek Marsh.  Records included 
in the previous Tables are not included here.
     If known, the times in Pacific Standard Time (PST) by the 24 hour 
clock (i.e., 1200 is added to times in the afternoon, so 1 PM=1300).
     Initials of observers:
RB=Range Bayer       GG=Greg Gillson         DS=Dale Snow      
BB=Barb Bellin       RG=Ruth Goodrich        GS=Gloria Sullivan
DF=Darrel Faxon      PP=Phil Pickering       PS=Paul Sullivan. 

     Other codes: M=male, F=Female or immature male in female-type plumage.

03/23/74 (RB).  2 Great Blue Herons, 2 Common Snipe, Turkey Vulture, 
     many ducks, Red-winged Blackbird, many American Robins.
12/?/81 (PP).  Pair of Northern Shovelers.
01/30/82 (RB).  1000+ surface-feeding ducks (mainly wigeon) at this marsh, 
     when only 25 were found 30 min later at DLake.
02/02/83 (PP).  50 Red-winged Blackbirds, 2 Bewick's and 20 Marsh wrens, 
     1 Peregrine Falcon.
02/13/83 (PP).  50 Red-winged Blackbirds, 3 Bewick's and 20 Marsh wrens, 
     1 Red-tailed Hawk.
03/13/83 (PP).  25 Violet-green Swallows, 10 Marsh Wrens, 30 Red-winged 
     Blackbirds.
03/28/84 (PP).  1 No. Harrier, 20 Marsh Wrens.
04/14/84 (PP).  1 No. Harrier, 20 Marsh Wrens.
05/03/84 (PP).  1 Sharp-shinned Hawk, 100+ Vaux's Swifts, 
     1 Anna's Hummingbird, Western Wood-Pewee, 20 Marsh Wrens, 
     3 Common Yellowthroats, Black-headed Grosbeak.
05/19/84 (PP).  Western Wood-Pewee, 20 Marsh Wrens.
05/23/84 (PP).  20 Red-winged Blackbirds.
12/23/84 (PP).  1 No. Harrier, 1 Peregrine Falcon, 2 Hairy & 2 Downy 
     woodpeckers, 20 Marsh Wrens, 25 Red-winged Blackbirds.
12/25/84 (PP).  1 Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1 No. Harrier, 20 Marsh Wrens, 
     30 Red-winged Blackbirds.
01/09/85 (PP).  1 Cooper's Hawk, 20 Marsh Wrens, 30 Red-winged Blackbirds.
03/07/85 (PP).  2 Turkey Vultures, 1 Sharp-shinned & 1 Red-tailed hawks, 
     2 Red-breasted Sapsuckers, 1 Hairy & 4 Downy woodpeckers, 30 Tree, 
     8 Violet-green, and 1 Cliff swallows; 20 Marsh Wrens.
03/28/88 (RG).  No. Harrier.
04/03/88 (GS).  No. Harrier.
04/10/88 (RG).  2 No. Harriers, 1 Great Blue Heron, 4 Mallards.
04/17/88 (RG).  Virginia Rail, nutria.
05/22/88 (RG).  Pair of Cinnamon Teal.
06/15/88 (RG).  Cedar Waxwing, Am. Goldfinch, Hairy Woodpecker.
08/06/88 (1800-1900)(GS).  Large flying flock of noisy Eurasian Starlings 
     flitting about the marsh in spectacular waves.  [Bayer's comment: this 
     probably a pre-roost flight.]
08/23/88 (about 1850)(GS).  Barn Owl perched on a pole, Great Blue Heron, 
     Marsh Wren, crows, Mallard, Great Blue Heron.
08/25/88 (1830-1930)(GS).  Marsh Wren, Great Blue Heron, Mallard, crow, 
     Barn Owl perched on telephone pole at about 1900, ducks fly up from 
     the marsh towards Devils Lake in groups of 1-3 (those that were 
     identified were Mallards).
08/28/88 (1810-1840)(GS).  Marsh Wren, crow, Cedar Waxwing, Downy 
     Woodpecker.
08/29/88 (1825-1850)(GS).  Ducks fly towards Devils Lake, Marsh Wren,
     Steller's Jay, crows, Cedar Waxwing.
09/07/88 (1800-1840)(GS).  4 Mallards flew up out of marsh grass towards 
     Devils Lake, Steller's Jay.
09/08/88 (1815)(GS).  Sora scurrying out from under bridge, many crows 
     flying in an undulating, zig-zag flight pattern with much squawking, 
     6 Mallards flew up out of marsh towards Devils Lake, 1 Great Blue 
     Heron.
02/05/89 (1230-1315)(RG).  6 No. Pintails, 11 No. Shovelers, 2 Great Blue 
     Herons, 5 Common Snipe, 8 Am. Wigeon, 13 Green-winged Teal, 
     lots of Mallards, Brewer's and 5 Red-winged blackbirds, Am. Robin,
     1 No. Harrier, 3 Long-billed Dowitchers, Fox Sparrow.
02/17/89 (RG).  11 Red-winged Blackbirds, many Mallards.
02/20/89 (RG).  2 Great Blue Herons, many Mallards.
02/24/89 (RG).  1 Great Blue Heron, 2 Mallards.
02/26/89 (RG).  1 Great Blue Heron, 8 Mallards, 1 No. Harrier.
02/28/89 (RG).  33 crows, Red-winged Blackbird.
03/08/89 (RG).  Mallard, 30 crows, 1 Red-tailed Hawk, 3 Green-winged Teal, 
     Red-winged Blackbird.
03/15/89 (RG).  10 Mallards, 4 Am. Wigeon, 18 crows, 1 Great Blue Heron, 
     Red-winged Blackbird.
03/17/89 (DS).  1 White-tailed Kite.
03/18/89 (RG).  10 Mallards, 26 crows, Red-winged Blackbird.
03/20/89 (RG).  2 Mallards, 6 crows, 2 Great Blue Herons, 
     Red-winged Blackbird.
03/23/89 (RG).  6 Mallards, 9 crows, 1 Great Blue Heron, 
     Red-winged Blackbird.
03/28/89 (RG).  Violet-green Swallow, 6 Mallards, 7 crows, 1 Great Blue 
     Heron, 1 Eur. Starling, 4 Am. Robins, Red-winged Blackbird.
04/02/89 (RG).  10 Mallards, 8 crows, 1 Great Blue Heron, 15 Am. Robins, 
     2 Wood Ducks, 2 Common Snipe, Red-winged Blackbird.
04/07/89 (RG).  2 M & 1 F Cinnamon Teal, 2 M & 2 F Green-winged Teal, 
     10 Mallards, 3 crows, 1 Great Blue Heron, 5 Am. Robins, 2 Common 
     Snipe, Red-winged Blackbird, Violet-green Swallow.
09/11/89 (RG).  1 White-tailed Kite.
10/02 & 23/89 (DS).  1 White-tailed Kite.
11/13, 20, 27, & 29/89 (DS).  1 White-tailed Kite.
12/11/89 (DS).  1 White-tailed Kite.
01/15, 22, & 29/90 (DS).  1 White-tailed Kite.
02/05/90 (DS).  1 White-tailed Kite, Red-winged Blackbird.
02/06/90 (DS).  1 White-tailed Kite.
08/02/90 (RG).  16 Red-winged Blackbirds (males & females) flew in, landed, 
     and were so quiet that they could have easily been missed.
08/15/90 (RG).  Could hear but not see Red-winged Blackbirds in marsh.
12/13/90 (RG).  6 male Red-winged Blackbirds, 1 Common Snipe, 1 No. 
     Harrier, few Mallards.
12/23/90 (RG).  1 Red-tailed Hawk, 1 No. Harrier, lots of Mallards, 
     Killdeer, 5 Common Snipe, Marsh Wren, Red-winged Blackbird, 3 No. 
     Shovelers, crows, small flock of Green-winged Teal, 6 yellowlegs.
01/03/91 (RG).  1 Virginia Rail, 5 Common Snipe, 2 Killdeer, Marsh Wren, 
     1 M & 1 F No. Harrier, 20 Red-winged Blackbirds singing.
03/25/91 (RG).  Violet-green Swallow, Red-winged Blackbird, 
     1 Belted Kingfisher on telephone line, 1 Turkey Vulture, Marsh Wren, 
     few Mallards, 8 Green-winged Teal.
04/11/91 (RG).  1 Am. Coot.
04/16/91 (DF).  1 No. Rough-winged Swallow.
10/19/91 (PS).  1 White-tailed Kite
01/19/92 (BB).  1 White-tailed Kite.
01/29/92 (RG).  Many Red-winged Blackbirds.
12/20/92 (GG).  1 Virginia Rail, 1 Swamp Sparrow.
10/14/93 (RG).  Green Heron.
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TABLE 2.4.  Phylogenetic list of species recorded at Rock Creek Marsh.  The 
following one mammal species, 54 bird species, two bird taxa not identified 
to species (yellowlegs spp. and gull spp.), and one bird subspecies have 
been recorded here.

nutria                                   Long-billed Dowitcher         
American Bittern                         Common Snipe                  
Great Blue Heron                         gull spp.                     
Green Heron                              Barn Owl                      
Wood Duck                                Vaux's Swift                  
Green-winged Teal ("Common" race)        Anna's Hummingbird            
Green-winged Teal                        Belted Kingfisher             
Mallard                                  Red-breasted Sapsucker        
Northern Pintail                         Downy Woodpecker              
Cinnamon Teal                            Hairy Woodpecker              
Northern Shoveler                        Western Wood-Pewee            
Gadwall                                  Tree Swallow                  
American Wigeon                          Violet-green Swallow          
Canvasback                               Northern Rough-winged Swallow 
Ring-necked Duck                         Cliff Swallow                 
Ruddy Duck                               Steller's Jay                 
Turkey Vulture                           American Crow                 
White-tailed (Black-shouldered) Kite     Bewick's Wren                 
Northern Harrier                         Marsh Wren                    
Sharp-shinned Hawk                       American Robin                
Cooper's Hawk                            Cedar Waxwing                 
Red-tailed Hawk                          European Starling             
Peregrine Falcon                         Common Yellowthroat           
Virginia Rail                            Black-headed Grosbeak         
Sora                                     Fox Sparrow                   
American Coot                            Swamp Sparrow                 
Killdeer                                 Red-winged Blackbird          
yellowlegs spp.                          Brewer's Blackbird            
Least Sandpiper                          American Goldfinch            


***************************************************************************
Chap. 3.  FIELD ALONG SCHOONER CREEK
***************************************************************************

3-A.  INTRODUCTION AND STUDY AREA

Approx. Center of Site: 44 56.3' N, 123 58.9' W
Location: Township 7S, Range 11W, Section 25
Area Studied: ? 
Habitat(s) Studied: field
Elevation: <40 ft (<12 m)
Minimum Distance to Coastline: 1.7 mi (2.8 km).

     The single sighting by Phil Pickering is the only record we have, and 
it has been double-checked against Pickering's original field notes.  This 
record is included because this site is near the city limits of Lincoln 
City and may fall within the City's Urban Growth Boundary.  The one record 
also demonstrates that this site is used by waterfowl.
     This field is along the south side of Schooner Creek Road and north of 
Schooner Creek. It is shown with marsh symbols at the western edge of the 
1984 Devils Lake 7.5' quadrangle; it is not classed as a salt marsh in ODFW 
(1978).  During Bayer's visit of 11 November 1994, cattle were grazing in 
this field that was east of about Milepost 1.2 along Schooner Creek Road.
***************************************************************************
3-B.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

     On 30 January 1983 at 1600 Pacific Standard Time, Pickering saw 
322 Mallards, 19 Northern Pintails, 14 Gadwalls, 43 American Wigeon, 
10 Northern Shovelers, one female Hooded Merganser, and 50 gull spp. on 
this site.
     Waterfowl have previously been reported to use farm fields and 
pastures elsewhere (e.g., Thomas 1976, Hirst and Easthope 1981, Eamer 1985) 
and in Lincoln County (Llewellyn et al. 1994:136-138).  Thus, the presence 
of waterfowl here is not unexpected.


***************************************************************************
Chap. 4.  LINCOLN CITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PONDS
***************************************************************************

4-A.  INTRODUCTION

     Wastewater treatment ponds are a humanly made wetland that can provide 
suitable habitat for many waterbirds in Oregon (Fix 1978, Evanich 1983) and 
elsewhere (e.g., Frederick and McGehee 1994).  There are regularly reports 
of rare waterbirds that have been found at treatment ponds along the north 
coast of Oregon in Oregon Birds, and Evanich (1983) describes the 
importance of birders being courteous in seeking entry before birding at 
sewage treatment ponds.  In Lincoln County, many waterbirds have also been 
noted at the treatment ponds of the town of Siletz (Llewellyn et al. 
1994:120-126).  
     These are all the records that we have that were made through December 
1992; one more recent observation was also discovered and included.  All 
these records have been double-checked against the original reports for 
accuracy.  Most of these observations were by Phil Pickering.
***************************************************************************
4-B.  STUDY AREA

Approx. Center of Site: 44 55.9' N, 124 00.3' W
Location: Township 7S, Range 11W, SW 1/4 of Section 26
Area Studied: ? 
Habitat(s) Studied: wastewater treatment ponds 
Elevation: <40 ft (<12 m)
Minimum Distance to Coastline: 0.9 mi (1.5 km).

     These ponds are located just east of Taft in Lincoln City, along 
Schooner Creek at the Lincoln City Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).  In 
January 1985, Pickering wrote that he estimated that the three main ponds 
were separated by about 15 feet wide dikes with the largest (and 
westernmost) roughly a square, 150 ft/side.  The other two large ponds were 
rectangular in shape and were about 1/2 the size of the main pond.  The 
smaller circular ponds were south of the main pond and were about 30-36 
feet in diameter.  Just to the east of the complex was the Lincoln City 
Police Department firing range.
     In his March 1985 letter, Pickering noted that waterfowl (especially 
Northern Shovelers and scaup) were often in the smaller round ponds, not 
just the large rectangular ones.
***************************************************************************
4-C.  METHODS

     Pickering, Jim Mackie, and Range Bayer obtained permission from site 
staff before entering.
     In his January 1985 letter, Pickering wrote that he counted each 
waterbird individually (except for gulls, whose numbers were often roughly 
estimated) with his 22x spotting scope.
***************************************************************************
4-D.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

     4-D-1.  HUMAN DISTURBANCE

     These are humanly created ponds and were actively maintained by 
people.  Nevertheless, there was an extraordinary number of waterfowl here, 
particularly Northern Shovelers (Table 4.1).  
     There are probably two interlinked reasons why some waterbirds were 
common here in spite of human disturbance.  First, shooting and hunting was 
probably not allowed at these ponds, so the birds came here because they 
were safe.  Second, there evidently was an abundance of food for them at 
these ponds.


     4-D-2.  BIRD SPECIES

     50 species and one subspecies were recorded here (Table 4.3).  Other 
species that may have been present but which may have been overlooked 
include Great Blue Heron, Belted Kingfisher, and American Crow.
***************************************************************************
4-E.  TABLES

TABLE 4.1.  21 waterbird censuses of the Lincoln City wastewater treatment 
ponds by Phil Pickering.  This Table is split into portions because there 
are so many species that the Table is too wide to print altogether.

Census Time=time during which a census occurred.  All times are in Pacific 
     Standard Time (PST) by the 24 hour clock (i.e., 1200 is added to times 
     in the afternoon, so 1 PM=1300).
Duration=duration of census.
?=unknown.
 .=zero.  A "." is used to enhance readability of when a bird was present.
+=at least the indicated number of birds were present.
@=estimated number.
M=male.
F=female or immature male in female-type plumage.
X=species present but not counted.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 4.1a (grebes to Northern Pintail at wastewater ponds):
      HoGr=Horned Grebe        GrHe=Green Heron           
      EaGr=Eared Grebe         GWTe=Green-winged Teal     
      WeGr=Western Grebe       Mall=Mallard               
      GBHe=Great Blue Heron    NoPi=Northern Pintail     

         Census    Dura-    
         Time      ation    Number of Birds.........................
Date     (PST)     (min)    HoGr EaGr WeGr GBHe GrHe GWTe Mall NoPi 
--------------------------------------------------------------------
10/01/83 0630-0800   90       .    .    .    ?    1  3M18F  .    5  
10/09/83 0730-0830   60       .    .    .    ?    .   22    .   16  
10/21/83 0700-0800   60       .    .    .    ?    .   24    .    .  
11/06/83 0900-1000   60       .    .    .    ?    .   12    .    2  
11/16/83 1030-1130   60       .    .    .    ?    .    8    .    .  
12/04/83 1330-1430   60       .    .    .    ?    .    4    .    .  
12/11/83 0830-0930   60       .    .    .    ?    .    5    .    .  
01/06/84 0830-0930   60       .    .    1    ?    .    6   10    7  
01/25/84 0800-0900   60       .    .    .    ?    .    6   10    4  
02/22/84 0900-0930   30       .    .    .    ?    .    .    .    2  
03/11/84 1000-1030   30       .    .    .    ?    .    .    .    2  
                                               
09/11/84 0830-0930   60       .    .    .    ?    1   13    .    1  
09/16/84 0800-0930   90       .    .    .    ?    3   37    .    2  
09/23/84 0800-0900   60       .    .    .    ?    1   39    .    7  
                                               
11/22/84 0800-0900   60       .    .    .    ?    .   43    .    5  
                                               
03/10/85 1600-1700   60       .    .    .    ?    .   16    .    .  
                                               
09/22/85 0800-0900   60       .    .    .    ?    1   75    .   25  
                                               
11/22/85 1100-1200   60       1    .    .    ?    .   33    .    6  
12/06/85 0900-1000   60       .    .    .    ?    .   30    .    5  
02/05/86 1300-1400   60       .    .    .    ?    .   23    .   19  
03/03/86 1100-1200   60       .    1    .    ?    .   19    .    .  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 4.1b (Blue-winged Teal to Ring-necked Duck at wastewater ponds):
      BWTe=Blue-winged Teal     AmWi=American Wigeon  
      CiTe=Cinnamon Teal        Canv=Canvasback       
      NoSh=Northern Shoveler    RNDu=Ring-necked Duck 
      Gadw=Gadwall          

         Census    Dura-    
         Time      ation    Number of Birds...................
Date     (PST)     (min)    BWTe CiTe NoSh Gadw AmWi Canv RNDu 
--------------------------------------------------------------
10/01/83 0630-0800   90       .    .  239    .   18    .    8  
10/09/83 0730-0830   60       1M   .  190    .   14    .   89  
10/21/83 0700-0800   60       .    .  181    .    7    1   36  
11/06/83 0900-1000   60       .    .  345    .    4    1   21  
11/16/83 1030-1130   60       .    .  325    .    7    4   13  
12/04/83 1330-1430   60       .    .  367    .    .    1    4  
12/11/83 0830-0930   60       .    .  320    .    4    1    3  
01/06/84 0830-0930   60       .    .  390    3    5    .   14  
01/25/84 0800-0900   60       .    .  330    2    5    2   26  
02/22/84 0900-0930   30       .    .  148    .    .    .    9  
03/11/84 1000-1030   30       .    .   99    .    .    .    4  
                            
09/11/84 0830-0930   60       .    .   74    .    .    .    2  
09/16/84 0800-0930   90       .    .   88    .    .    .    5  
09/23/84 0800-0900   60       .    .   67    .    .    .    5  
                            
11/22/84 0800-0900   60       .    .   90    3    8    .    3  
                            
03/10/85 1600-1700   60       .   38  173    .    .    .   41  
                            
09/22/85 0800-0900   60       .    .  151    .   14    .   15  
                            
11/22/85 1100-1200   60       .    .   96    .    8    .   24  
12/06/85 0900-1000   60       .    .  251    .    3    .   21  
02/05/86 1300-1400   60       .    .  177    .    6    .   24  
03/03/86 1100-1200   60       .    .  172    .    3    .    8  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 4.1c (scaup-Ruddy Duck at wastewater ponds):
    scau=total scaup      SuSc=Surf Scoter            RuDu=Ruddy Duck
    GrSc=Greater Scaup    WWSc=White-winged Scoter    
    LeSc=Lesser Scaup     Buff=Bufflehead             
    Olds=Oldsquaw         HoMe=Hooded Merganser       

         Census    Dura-
         Time      ation  Number of Birds..............................
Date     (PST)     (min)  scau GrSc LeSc Olds SuSc WWSc Buff HoMe RuDu 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
10/01/83 0630-0800   90    29    ?    ?    .    .    .    .    .    .  
10/09/83 0730-0830   60    30    ?    ?    .    .    .    .    4F   2  
10/21/83 0700-0800   60    16    ?    ?    .    .    .    .    2F   2  
11/06/83 0900-1000   60    35    X    X    .    2    1    .    2F   .  
11/16/83 1030-1130   60    16    ?    ?    .    .    1    7  1M3F   .  
12/04/83 1330-1430   60    40    ?    ?    .    .    2   30  2M3F   .  
12/11/83 0830-0930   60    60    X    X    .    .    2   30  1M1F   .  
01/06/84 0830-0930   60   239    X    X    1F   .    2   18    5   22  
01/25/84 0800-0900   60   248    X    X    1F   .    .   34    .   22  
02/22/84 0900-0930   30   108    X    X    1    .    .   30    .    7  
03/11/84 1000-1030   30    35    X    ?    .    .    .   30    .    .  
                                                                       
09/11/84 0830-0930   60     3    ?    ?    .    .    .    1    .    .  
09/16/84 0800-0930   90     .    .    .    .    .    .    1    .    .  
09/23/84 0800-0900   60    29    X    X    .    .    2    2    .    .  
                                                                       
11/22/84 0800-0900   60    79    X    X    .    .    .   45    2    .  
                                                                       
03/10/85 1600-1700   60   110    X    X    .    .    .   52    2    .  
                                                                       
09/22/85 0800-0900   60     3    ?    ?    .    .    1    .    .    .  
                                                                       
11/22/85 1100-1200   60    35    X    ?    1    .    .    2    2    7  
12/06/85 0900-1000   60    45    X    ?    .    .    2    .    .    4  
02/05/86 1300-1400   60    43    X    X    .    .    .    7    1    2  
03/03/86 1100-1200   60    40    X    X    .    .    .   55    1F   .  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 4.1d (Virginia Rail-snipe at wastewater ponds):
                              SpSa=Spotted Sandpiper       
    ViRa=Virginia Rail        BlTu=Black Turnstone         
    AmCo=American Coot        PeSa=Pectoral Sandpiper      
    Kill=Killdeer             CoSn=Common Snipe            

         Census    Dura-
         Time      ation  Number of Birds...................
Date     (PST)     (min)  ViRa AmCo Kill SpSa BlTu PeSa CoSn
------------------------------------------------------------
10/01/83 0630-0800   90     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
10/09/83 0730-0830   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    2    . 
10/21/83 0700-0800   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    1 
11/06/83 0900-1000   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
11/16/83 1030-1130   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
12/04/83 1330-1430   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
12/11/83 0830-0930   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
01/06/84 0830-0930   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
01/25/84 0800-0900   60     ?    .    ?    .    4    .    . 
02/22/84 0900-0930   30     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
03/11/84 1000-1030   30     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
                                        
09/11/84 0830-0930   60     ?    .    ?    1    .    4    . 
09/16/84 0800-0930   90     1    .    ?    1    .    2   12 
09/23/84 0800-0900   60     ?    .    ?    1    .   25    . 
                                        
11/22/84 0800-0900   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
                                        
03/10/85 1600-1700   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
                                        
09/22/85 0800-0900   60     ?    .    ?    .    .   37    . 
                                        
11/22/85 1100-1200   60     ?   10    ?    .    .    .   15 
12/06/85 0900-1000   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
02/05/86 1300-1400   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
03/03/86 1100-1200   60     ?    .    ?    .    .    .    . 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 4.1e (phalaropes-kingfisher at wastewater ponds):
        RNPh=Red-necked Phalarope               CaGu=California Gull     
        gull=total gulls (including gulls       ThGu=Thayer's Gull       
             not identified to species)         WeGu=Western Gull $       
        BoGu=Bonaparte's Gull                   GWGu=Glaucous-winged Gull $ 
        MeGu=Mew Gull                           $=may include hybrid gulls  
        RBGu=Ring-billed Gull                   BeKi=Belted Kingfisher

         Census    Dura-
         Time      ation  Number of birds..................................
Date     (PST)     (min)  RNPh gull BoGu MeGu RBGu CaGu ThGu WeGu GWGu BeKi
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10/01/83 0630-0800   90     .  100@   ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ? 
10/09/83 0730-0830   60     .  100@   ?    ?    ?    ?    1+   ?    ?    ? 
10/21/83 0700-0800   60     .   75@   ?    ?    ?    ?    1+   ?    ?    ? 
11/06/83 0900-1000   60     .  100@   ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ? 
11/16/83 1030-1130   60    40  100@   ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ? 
12/04/83 1330-1430   60     .  100@   ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ? 
12/11/83 0830-0930   60     .  100@   ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ? 
01/06/84 0830-0930   60     .   96    .   60    .    .    1    .   35    ? 
01/25/84 0800-0900   60     1  128    .  115    .    .    .    .   13    ? 
02/22/84 0900-0930   30     .   72    .   65    .    .    .    .    7    ? 
03/11/84 1000-1030   30     .   12    ?   10+   ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ? 
                                                                           
09/11/84 0830-0930   60     .    7    ?    ?    2+   ?    ?    ?    2+   ? 
09/16/84 0800-0930   90     .   13    ?    ?    3+   ?    ?    ?    5+   ? 
09/23/84 0800-0900   60     .    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?    ? 
                                                                           
11/22/84 0800-0900   60     .  295    1  275    3   16    .    .    .    ? 
                                                                           
03/10/85 1600-1700   60     .   38    .   33    2    .    .    .    3    ? 
                                                                           
09/22/85 0800-0900   60     .    6    .    5    .    1    .    .    .    ? 
                                                                           
11/22/85 1100-1200   60     .  158@   .  150@   .    1    .    .    7    ? 
12/06/85 0900-1000   60     .  153@   .  150@   .    .    .    .    3    ? 
02/05/86 1300-1400   60     .  148@   .  120@   .    .    1   11   16    ? 
03/03/86 1100-1200   60     .   47    .   40    .    .    .    .    7    ? 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 4.2.  Incidental observations at the Lincoln City Wastewater 
Treatment Ponds.  These records do not include those given elsewhere.

     Initials of observers:
RB=Range Bayer       RG=Roy Gerig          JM=Jim Mackie     
DF=Darrel Faxon      JG=Jeff Gilligan      PP=Phil Pickering.

01/25/84 (PP).  1 Tree Swallow.
04/10/84 (JM).  20 Buffleheads, 20 No. Shovelers, 4 Mallards, 1 No. Pintail, 
     1 Killdeer.
05/10/84 (RB & JM).  4 Mallard adults with ducklings, 3 male and 1 female 
     Cinnamon Teal, 1 Blue-winged Teal, 4 Killdeer, 2 scaup, 
     2 Spotted Sandpipers, 30 Western Sandpipers.
09/11/84 (PP).  300+ Vaux's Swifts, 5 Marsh Wrens.
09/16/84 (PP).  5 Marsh Wrens.
11/22/84 (PP).  1 Cooper's Hawk, 1 No. Shrike, 2 Townsend's Warblers, 
     1 Lincoln's Sparrow.
09/22/85 (PP).  1 MacGillivray's Warbler.
11/22/85 (PP).  3 Marsh Wrens, 20 Golden-crowned and 1 White-throated 
     sparrows.
12/06/85 (PP).  2 Marsh Wrens, 10 Savannah, 20 Golden-crowned, 
     1 White-throated, and 4 Lincoln's sparrows.
03/28/87 (JG et al. in 1987 Oregon Birds 13[3]:275).  Ring-necked Duck, 
     Lesser Scaup, Green-winged Teal, 1 Green-winged Teal ("Common" race).
09/23/94 (DF & RG).  100 Canada Geese, 75 Mallards, 10 No. Shovelers, 
     2 Blue-winged Teal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 4.3.  Phylogenetic list of species recorded at the Lincoln City 
Wastewater Treatment Ponds.  The following 50 species and one subspecies 
have been recorded here:

Horned Grebe                   Lesser Scaup          Bonaparte's Gull      
Eared Grebe                    Oldsquaw              Mew Gull              
Western Grebe                  Surf Scoter           Ring-billed Gull      
Green Heron                    White-winged Scoter   California Gull       
Canada Goose                   Bufflehead            Thayer's Gull         
Green-w. Teal ("Common" race)  Hooded Merganser      Western Gull $
Green-winged Teal              Ruddy Duck            Glaucous-winged Gull $ 
Mallard                        Cooper's Hawk         Vaux's Swift          
Northern Pintail               Virginia Rail         Tree Swallow          
Blue-winged Teal               American Coot         Marsh Wren            
Cinnamon Teal                  Killdeer              Northern Shrike       
Northern Shoveler              Spotted Sandpiper     Townsend's Warbler    
Gadwall                        Black Turnstone       MacGillivray's Warbler
American Wigeon                Western Sandpiper     Savannah Sparrow      
Canvasback                     Pectoral Sandpiper    Lincoln's Sparrow     
Ring-necked Duck               Common Snipe          White-throated Sparrow
Greater Scaup                  Red-necked Phalarope  Golden-crowned Sparrow

$ Western and Glaucous-winged gulls hybridize along the Oregon Coast 
(Hoffman et al. 1978), so some of these gulls were probably hybrids.

Next part of "Bird Records for Some Lincoln City Sites" (Part B: Chaps. 5-8).
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